Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver metastases from prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effectiveness and adverse effects of Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on liver metastases from PCa.@*METHODS@#From June 2009 to September 2016, we treated 20 cases of PCa liver metastases by Cyberknife SBRT, at a total dose of 36 (30－50) Gy, on 1－3 liver metastatic lesions, for 3－5 times, with a prescription isodose line of 70－92%. We assessed the therapeutic effect according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), calculated the survival and disease-control rates using the Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed the adverse events based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events－Version 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0).@*RESULTS@#Of all the cases treated, complete response (CR) was found in 8 (40.0%), partial response (PR) in 9 (45.0%), stable disease (SD) in 2 (10.0%), and progressive disease (PD) in 1 (5.0%), with a local control rate (CR+PR) of 85.0% and a disease-control rate (CR+PR+SD) of 95.0%. Among the 14 patients with elevated PSA, 10 (71.4%) showed a significant decrease after treatment. The median follow-up time was 17 months, the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 85.0% and 15.0%, respectively, and the median survival time of the 20 patients was 16.5 months (95% CI: 12.12－22.88). Cyberknife SBRT was well tolerated in all the patients, with only a few mild adverse events (mainly grades 1 and 2 but no 4 and 5) during the whole course of treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cyberknife SBRT is safe and effective in the treatment of PCa liver metastases, with a high local control rate, and capable of reducing the PSA level and raising the long-term survival rate of the patients.

Physical performance testing of Mobetron 2000 mobile intraoperative radiotherapy system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To execute physical performance testing of Mobetron 2000 mobile intraoperative radiotherapy system.Methods Mobetron 2000 mobile intraoperative radiotherapy system had its indexes measured according to TG51 protocol such as percent depth dose (PDD),output dose,beam energy,field flatness and symmetry,X-ray pollution,dose linearity and repeatability.Three-dimensional water phantom was used for verification and acceptance when the measurement was executed,while the calimator end was tangent to the water surface and the nominal ource-skin distance was 50 cm.Results All the indexes of the system met the desired requirements except 12 MeV beam energy.Conclusion The system can be promoted clinically for safe,reliable and efficient treatment.

Effect of ethyl acetate extract of Songaricum Rupron on p38 and CREB characteristics of ovariectomized rats / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Songaricum Rupron (ECS) on ovariectomization induced learning and memory disorder in rats and its potential mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were ovariectomized to establish animal model of learning and memory disorder, and taken ECS by intragastric administration(3.3 mg · kg-1). Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats. HE staining was used to observe morphological change of hippocampal neurons. The p38 and p-CREB expression were tested by Western-Blot. RESULTS: The latent route of OVX + ECS group in the Morris water maze was significantly shorten, while numbers of crossing platform were markedly increased, compared with OVX group. The neurological form of pyramidal cells in hippocampus were improved by HE staining. CONCLUSION: It shows that the p38 expression is reduced while p-CREB is increased in OVX + ECS group, which potentially contributes to the improvement of learning and memory disorder due to lack of endogenous estrogen.

Hedgehog signaling pathway and osteoporosis / 中国骨伤

Hedgehog signaling pathway is a conserved and important signaling pathway involved in proliferation and differentiation of many types of cells. Latest studies have found that Hedgehog signaling pathway may induce MSCs osteoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of the Runx2 and Osx and inhibit MSCs differentiate to adipocyte. Hedgehog signaling pathway may also promote osteoblast proliferation by regulating cyclin. This review summarizes the mechanism that Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates osteoblast differentiation and proliferation,and concludes that Hedgehog signaling pathway can regulate bone metabolism. It might provide new ideas for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Preliminary efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>CybeKnife is a newly developed technology in the field of stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT). Compared with conventional SRS/SRT, there are many advantages for CyberKnife in terms of treating tumors that move with respiration, being real-time image-guidance, frameless, high accurateness, and so on. Recently, it has been used to treat different types of malignant carcinoma including intracranial and caudomedial tumors. This study was designed to evaluate the short-term efficacy and toxicity of the CyberKnife radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 20 patients with locally advanced (stage II-III) pancreatic cancer treated with CyberKnife were recruited between April 2009 and December 2009. Of 20 patients, 13 were with cancer located at the pancreatic head and 7 were located at the pancreatic body and tail. The planning target volume (PTV) was defined as gross tumor volume (GTV) plus 2-3 mm, and more than 95% PTV should be covered by 75% isodose surface. The median of PTV was 47 cm³ (26-64 cm³). The median total prescription dose was 40 Gy (32-55 Gy) at 3-6 fractions. During treatment delivery, X-Sight Spine Tracking System was used in 5 patients to track movement of the tumor. Other 15 patients were implanted fiducials in the tumors to track movement of the tumor and patient breathing patterns.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median follow-up time was 7 months (3-11 months). All patients had finished the treatment and 19 were alive by the last follow-up. Slight fatigue was the most common complain. Evaluated by CT scan, 6 were complete response, 9 were partial response, 3 were stable disease, and 1 was progression; 1 was dead. There were 6 patients with grade I granulocytopenia, 7 with grade I nausea, and 5 with grade II vomiting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The CyberKnife radiosurgery for the locally advanced pancreatic cancer shows a high rate of local control and minimal toxicity. Long-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate the survival and late toxicity.</p>

Diterpenes from Helianthus annuus and their cytotoxicity in vitro / 药学学报

To search for bioactive compounds from the flower disc of Helianthus annuus L.,chromatography was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents, their structures were identified by spectral analysis, MTT method was applied to investigate their cytotoxic activities, some compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activities on SF-268, MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. Eleven compounds were obtained from the flower disc of H. annuus, and identified as ent-kaurane-2o, 16α-diol ( 1 ) and entkaurane-15α, 16α-epoxy-17-al-19-oic acid (2), and nine known diterpenes, ent-kaurane-16β-ol (3),phyllocladan-16β-ol (4) , ent-atisan-16α-ol ( 5 ) , grandifloric acid ( 6 ) , angeloylgrandifloric acid ( 7 ) ,ent-kaurane-16-en-19-oic acid (8), ent-kaurane-17-hydroxy-15-en-19-oic acid (9), ent-kaurane-16β,17-dihydroxy-19-oic acid (10), and ciliaric acid (11). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, some compounds showed cytotoxic activities on SF-268, MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines.

Diterpenes from Helianthus annuus and their cytotoxicity in vitro / 药学学报

To search for bioactive compounds from the flower disc of Helianthus annuus L., chromatography was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents, their structures were identified by spectral analysis, MTT method was applied to investigate their cytotoxic activities, some compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activities on SF-268, MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. Eleven compounds were obtained from the flower disc of H. annuus, and identified as ent-kaurane-2alpha, 16alpha-diol (1) and entkaurane-15alpha,16alpha-epoxy-17-al-19-oic acid (2), and nine known diterpenes, ent-kaurane-16P-ol (3), phyllocladan-16beta-ol (4) , ent-atisan-16a-ol (5) , grandifloric acid (6) , angeloylgrandifloric acid (7), ent-kaurane-16-en-19-oic acid (8), ent-kaurane-17-hydroxy-15-en-19-oic acid (9), ent-kaurane-16beta, 17-dihydroxy-19-oic acid (10), and ciliaric acid (11). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, some compounds showed cytotoxic activities on SF-268, MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines.

Review of bioactivities of natural cycloartane triterpenoids / 中国中药杂志

Cycloartane triterpenoids, which exist widely in nature, are mainly distributed in Astragalus (Leguminosae) species, Trib. Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) and Thalictrium (Ranunculaceae) species and possess various bioactivities. Along with the development of isolation techniques of phytochemistry, more and more this kind of compounds are isolated and identified. However, bioactivity researches on the compounds are relatively lagged behind. Most researches are still in screening level, deficient in mechanism elucidation, short of action proven in vivo and SAR analysis. The author summarized the bioactivity of this kind of compounds from all aspects: anti-tumor, anti-virus, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, immune-regulatory, cardiovascular system, hepatic protection and so forth. This will be benefit for the further research and development of the compounds.

Studies on the Blood-Activating and Stasis-Resolving Pharmacology of Shing Bugleweed(Lycopus lucidus)-Ⅰ.Effect of Four Extract Fractions of Shing Bugleweed on the Hemorrheology of Rat / 中草药

Lycopus lucidus is a herbal drug that can invigorate blood circulation,resolve blood stasis and improve microcirculation. In our further study of its pharmacological function and to identify its effective components,its effect on the hemorrheology of rat was used as a guide to evaluate the relative strength of four different extraction fractions of the drug. Results showed that fraction L. F04 and L. F02 were effective in reducing the blood viscosity,with L. Fo4 showing the best effect. This function of L. F04 was believed to be related to its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and to improve the compostion of plasma

Pharmacodynamics of Yajiao Hadun San Ⅰ / 中成药

AIM: To study the pharmacodynamics of Yajiao Hadun San(Vitex trifolia;streptocaulon griffibhii;Asparagus pseudofilicinus;Inula cappa;Benincasa hispida;Tacca esquirolli). METHODS: The pyrexia model rat induced with active yeast,the mice's auricular swelling test caused by croton oil;the mice's toe swelling test caused by albumen;the mice's twisting body test caused by the irritation of acetic acid and the mice's carbon clearance test were used to determine antipyretic,analgesic,anti-inflammation effect and immunity function of Yajiao Hadun San. RESULTS: Yajiao Hadun San could reduce the anus temperature of the pyrexia model rat,inhibit the mice's toe and auricular swelling,reduce the times of twisting body sharply and also increase the rate of eliminating colloid carbon in mice. CONCLUSION: Yajiao Hadun San has certain antipyretic,anti-inflammation,analgesic effect and enhance the phagocytosis of mono-karyon macrophage in mice.

STUDY ON THE HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTION OF PUMPKIN EXTRACT IN DIABETIC RAT / 营养学报

Objective: To study the hypoglycemic action in diabetic rats by soluble polysaccharides (A), protein components with molecular weights above 60 ku (B),3-60 ku(C) ,and below 3 ku(D) of some pumpkin seeds,arginine(E)and pumpkin seed oil(F). Methods: Ten rats were selected randomly as control ,while the other 150 rats were injected with alloxan 170 mg/kg to induce diabetes.The diabetic rats were divided into 15 groups:the model,A(1000,500 mg/kg),B(300,150 mg/kg),C(300,150 mg/kg),D(300,150 mg/kg),E(100,50 mg/kg),F(300,150 mg/kg),Gilbenclamide(20 mg/kg).The above components were given intragastrically for 10 d and then blood samples were taken to determine serum glucose and insulin, and also to test the glucose tolerance. Results: It was indicated in diabetic rat that the blood insulin level was obviously increased by the soluble polysaccharides , the protein components with molecular weight over 60 ku and below 3 ku after 4 d germination. The blood glucose tolerance was improved by seed oil, protein components with molecular weights 3-60 ku and arginine. Conclusion: The protein components with molecular weights about 3-60 ku have the best hypoglycemic action, in terms of improving the blood glucose tolerance and decreasing the blood glucose level of diabetic rats.

THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF GINGER OLEORESINS ON HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND PLATELET AGGREGATION / 营养学报

Objective: To study the effects of ginger oleoresins(GO) on blood lipids in hyperlipidemic mice and the platelet aggregation in rats.Methods: The rat platelet aggregation was induced by ADP and AA in vitro, and the inhibition by GO was tested by light transmission. The animal model of hyperlipidemia was establised by feeding Kunmimg mice with high lipid feed stuff. The effects of GO on serum lipid and hepatic MAD in hyperlipidemic mice was investigated. Results: GO could effectively inhibit rat platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA in vitro, which were 58.9%,97.5% respectively, and in dose dependant manner. Besides, GO could also significantly decrease serum TC, LDL, AS index and hepatic MDA in hyperlipidemic mice, which were 16.45%, 60.45%,37.30% and 54.27% respectively, and showed no side-effect on liver. Conclusion: Long-term consumption of GO can effectively modulate blood lipids, prevent thrombosis and AS.